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Ahana Aurora Fernandez
Research Interests
Animal behaviour • Bioacoustics • Biolinguistics • Neuroethology • Vocal Learning • Social Learning • Vocal Ontogeny

Social Learning &
Vocal Communication Lab

In this lab, we study animal vocal communication and social learning. In particular, we investigate vocal ontogenetic processes, the underlying mechanisms of vocal learning, and the impact of the social environment on vocal development and learning. We study these topics in bats and hummingbirds.

University of Münster
Smithsonian Research Associate
Emmy Noether Grant (DFG)
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Where the Work Happens

Studying vocal communication in the wild, in the Neotropics and Germany.

Field sites: Panama, Costa Rica, Germany
Soberanía National Park
Panama Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Primary site for Emballonuridae bats and hummingbird research
Bavaria
Forschungspreis Wildtier Stiftung in collaboration with LBV - Landesbund für Vogel- und Naturschutz in Bayern e.V and Fledermaushaus Hohenburg and Banzerhaus
Research on Greater and Lesser Horseshoe Bats
University of Münster
Germany
Fernandez Lab
Ahana Aurora Fernandez — Photo credit: Ralf Günther / FVB
Photo: Ralf Günther / FVB

Behavioural Biologist.
Bioacoustician.

I am an Emmy Noether Group Leader at the Institute of Neuro- and Behavioural Biology at the University of Münster.

As a behavioural biologist, I specialize in bioacoustics and biolinguistics. My research focuses on (social) vocal communication, exploring how and why animals communicate and how complex vocal systems evolve. I am particularly interested in vocal ontogenetic processes and the proximate factors and ultimate causes of vocal learning.

Vocal learning is a key factor in human language and infant speech acquisition — hence, my research questions also forged my interest in biolinguistics: the study of the biological foundations of human language in non-human animals.

I believe that understanding a complex trait like the ability of vocal learning requires studying vocal ontogenetic processes in the wild, allowing us to observe how different factors of the social environment influence learning. Therefore, I study bats and hummingbirds in their natural habitats in Central America and Europe.

By integrating ethology, bioacoustics, neuroethology, and endocrinology, I take a multidisciplinary approach to studying vocal ontogeny and learning.

On September 1, 2025, I started my own Lab in Münster and am welcoming dedicated and curious students. Feel free to contact me.

Vocal Learning Bioacoustics Biolinguistics Vocal Ontogeny Social Communication Chiroptera Trochilidae Neuroethology Endocrinology

Publications

Preprints

2026

Socially transmitted knowledge of hibernation sites in bats

Ripperger S+*, Carter G+*, Ittermann L, Harder J, Kaltofen B, Henning R, Dedek K, Voigt P, Fernandez AA+*.
bioRxiv
(+equal contribution, *shared corresponding author)
doi: 10.64898/2026.08.06.743314 ↗

Under Review

Under review

High-frequency hummingbird vocalizations are extreme during courtship displays, but have multiple functions

Fernandez AA*, James S, Negrette M, Falk J.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

In Preparation

In preparation

Linking Social Contingency to Individual Vocal Development Across Species: A Multidimensional Framework for Understanding Shared and Species-Specific Features of the Developmental System

Diprossimo L, Risse B, Kärntner J+, Fernandez AA+.
(+joint last authors)
In preparation

From natural history to neuroecology: Carollia perspicillata as an integrative model system

Holtz S+, Fernandez AA+, Nagy M+, Scharff C**, Knörnschild M.**.
(+joint first authors)

Published publications

2024

Observations of a greater sac-winged bat pup (Saccopteryx bilineata) with a chromatic disorder

AA Fernandez, M Tietge, S Ripperger
Mammalia, 88
doi: 10.1515/mammalia-2023-0170 ↗
2024

Maternal behavior influences vocal practice and learning processes in the greater sac-winged bat

AA Fernandez, N Serve, SC Fabian, M Knörnschild
bioRxiv, 2024.05.20.594963 (preprint)
2022

Vocal ontogenetic processes in bat pups. From babbling behavior to the interplay of social and vocal complexity

AA Fernandez (doctoral thesis)
Freie Universität Berlin
2021

Cross-species parallels in babbling: animals and algorithms

SM Ter Haar, AA Fernandez, M Gratier, M Knörnschild, C Levelt, …
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 376 (1836), 20200239
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0239 ↗
2021

Social behaviour and vocalizations of the tent-roosting Honduran white bat

AA Fernandez, C Schmidt, S Schmidt, B Rodríguez-Herrera, …
PLOS ONE 16 (8), e0248452
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248452 ↗
2020

Do bats have the necessary prerequisites for symbolic communication?

M Knörnschild, AA Fernandez
Frontiers in Psychology 11, 571678
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.571678 ↗
2020

Pup directed vocalizations of adult females and males in a vocal learning bat

AA Fernandez, M Knörnschild
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8, 265
doi: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00265 ↗
2020

Vocal information and the navigation of social decisions in bats: is social complexity linked to vocal complexity?

M Knörnschild, AA Fernandez, M Nagy
Functional Ecology 34 (2), 322-331
doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.13407 ↗
2017

Isolation calls of the bat Saccopteryx bilineata encode multiple messages

AA Fernandez, M Knörnschild
Animal Behavior and Cognition 4, 169-186
doi: 10.12966/abc.04.05.2017
2017

Alternative reproductive tactics, sperm mobility and oxidative stress in Carollia perspicillata

NJ Fasel, C Wesseling, AA Fernandez, A Vallat, G Glauser, F Helfenstein, …
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 71, 1-12
doi: 10.1007/s00265-016-2251-7 ↗
2016

Sexually selected vocalizations of Neotropical bats

M Knörnschild, M Eckenweber, AA Fernandez, M Nagy
Sociality in Bats, 179-195. Cham: Springer International Publishing
2014

When bats are boxing: aggressive behaviour and communication in male Seba's short-tailed fruit bat

AA Fernandez, N Fasel, M Knörnschild, H Richner
Animal Behaviour 98, 149-156
doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.10.011 ↗
2014

Animated images as a tool to study visual communication: a case study in a cooperatively breeding cichlid

S Fischer, B Taborsky, R Burlaud, AA Fernandez, S Hess, E Oberhummer, …
Behaviour 151 (12-13), 1921-1942
doi: 10.1163/1568539X-00003223 ↗

Collaborators & Partners

Mirjam Knörnschild

Humboldt Universität zu Berlin · MfN Berlin · STRI
Bat social vocal communication and learning

Martina Nagy

Museum of Natural History Berlin
Social structure and mating systems of Emballonurids

Simon Ripperger

Museum of Natural History Berlin
Social behaviour of bats

Rachel Page

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Social learning and behaviour of Neotropical bats

Florian Gloza-Rausch

Fledermaus-Rausch Umweltgutachten
Social and vocal behaviour in European bats

Julio Hechavarria

Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) Frankfurt am Main
Neural substrates of vocal production in bats

Jay Falk

University of Colorado – Boulder (U.S.)
Vocal communication and learning in hummingbirds

Jeroen Van Der Kooij

Naturformidling van der Kooij
Vocal ontogeny of E. nilssonii

Sophie Holtz

Freie Universität Berlin
Neuromolecular mechanisms of vocal production

News

April 2026

Wiebke Berns Has Joined the Lab!

Wiebke Berns is studying the social behaviour and acoustic communication of the fascinating Greater horseshoe bats. In June and July, she will dive into fieldwork in Bavaria, at the Fledermaushaus Hohenburg. I am so curious what she will be discovering and describing! Welcome Wiebke!

April 2026

Mentoring-Programm ERSTKLASSIG!

I have been accepted into the mentoring program ERSTKLASSIG! offered by the University of Münster. “Erstklassig!” is an 18-month fellowship program aimed at outstanding postdocs, researchers preparing for their habilitation, those who have completed their habilitation, and assistant professors from all departments at the University of Münster, offering them targeted support on their path to a professorship.

The program aims to facilitate the exchange of experiences and expertise with experienced female professors (self-selected mentors), support individual career planning through mentoring and workshops, and prepare participants for research and leadership roles. It also promotes peer mentoring and networking among female researchers.

Learn more about the ERSTKLASSIG! program →

February 2026

Tinbergen Award 2026

I have been awarded the prestigious Tinbergen Award 2026 of the Ethologische Gesellschaft e.V. It is an absolute honor to be included in the list of fantastic researchers who got the prize before me. I am invited to give a talk about my research before officially receiving the award at the ECBB.

Learn more about the Tinbergen Award →

January 2026

Forschungspreis 2025 der Deutschen Wildtier Stiftung

A long-term research project is now possible: I was awarded the Forschungspreis der Deutschen Wildtier Stiftung and this allows me to investigate the social and vocal lives of the Greater and Lesser Horseshoe bats in Bavaria. So excited about this opportunity!

Learn more about the Forschungspreis →

The German Wildlife Foundation is dedicated to giving a voice to native wildlife. Through its work, it helps raise awareness of the beauty and wonder of natural life and works to counteract the growing disconnect from nature.

Visit the website and learn about the wide range of projects and initiatives. It’s well worth it... Deutsche Wildtier Stiftung →

July 2025

Appointed Research Associate at STRI

I was appointed Research Associate at the renowned Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI). Having worked with STRI since 2015, it is an honor to now be officially affiliated with this amazing tropical research institution. I look forward to a fruitful and exciting collaboration.

Visit the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute →

January 2025

Emmy Noether Grant Awarded

I am thrilled to announce that I have been awarded the prestigious Emmy Noether grant from the DFG. This funding will allow me to establish my own lab and continue investigating vocal learning and communication in bats.

Outreach & Media

I consider science communication to be an important task of a scientist in order to explain research results to the general public and promote interest in research and the conservation of nature. I enjoy doing outreach in different formats such as interviews, guided tours and lectures.

eLife Digest — A mother's touch →
The Conversation — Bat pups babble and bat moms use baby talk →
STRI — Baby Bats →
The Ethogram — Creature Feature: Greater Sac-Winged Bat →
Podcast — Watercooler Neuroscience →

Meet the TeamUniversity of Münster

Our interdisciplinary team investigates the fascinating world of vocal learning and communication — from the molecular mechanisms of vocal production to the social dynamics of bat colonies in tropical forests.

Est. 2025
Growing Team
Münster · Panama · Costa Rica
Emmy Noether Funded (DFG)
Natalia Adamowska
01
M.Sc. Candidate

Natalia Adamowska

Free University of Berlin
Vocal signatures in contact calls of the Greater mouse-eared bat

Natalia Adamowska began researching the acoustic communication and social behaviour of maternity colonies of the Greater mouse-eared bat for her Bachelor's thesis. She patiently observed the bats and their social interactions in their day-roosts during pup development and recorded their vocalisations. For her master's project, Natalia is currently analysing a call produced mainly when bats were approaching or leaving a roost, and when young bats started to become flight-ready. She is investigating whether this so-called contact call carries a vocal signature that encodes information on social group membership.

Acoustic Analysis Vocal Signatures Myotis myotis Social Communication Maternity Colonies
Wiebke Berns
02
M.Sc. Candidate

Wiebke Berns

University of Münster
Acoustic Communication and Social Behaviour of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum in a Maternity Colony

Bavaria currently hosts the only known maternity colony of the Greater Horseshoe Bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum. In her master’s thesis, Wiebke Berns combines behavioural observations with simultaneous acoustic recordings to investigate the species’ vocal communication and social behaviour.

Bioacoustics Behavioural Ecology Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Maternity Colonies Acoustic Communication Bavaria
03
Research Assistant

Jimena Jara

University of Münster
The neuromolecular foundations of mammalian vocal production learning

Jimena Jara is currently involved in a project which aims to investigate speech-relevant gene expression (e.g. FoxP2) and immediate early genes (i.e. neural activity) in the vocal learning bat Saccopteryx bilineata. She is currently using free-floating in situ hybridisation to analyse a dataset including brain tissue from three contexts: learning, vocal production, and silence.

Neuromolecular Biology FoxP2 Gene Expression In Situ Hybridisation Neuroethology S. bilineata

Join the Lab

I am welcoming dedicated and curious students to the Fernandez Lab at the University of Münster. If you are passionate about vocal learning, bioacoustics, or animal communication, I would love to hear from you.

Activities

Administrative Role

Since 2022
Spokesperson (selection process)
Behavioural Biology Section, German Zoological Society

Organizational Activities

Since 2023
Organization of multiple animal graduate meetings and satellite symposia

Editorial Activities

Since 2025
Guest Editor
Special issue Ethology

Awards & Fellowships

Fellowships

2026
“Erstklassig!” scholarship (18 months)
University of Münster – competitive women career-development programme toward professorship
2025
Emmy Noether Programme (DFG)
Independent junior research group leader
2025
Forschungspreis der Deutschen Wildtier Stiftung
For an independent two-year project on native wildlife research
2016–2019
Elsa Neumann Fellowship
Full doctoral fellowship

Awards

2026
Niko Tinbergen Award
Ethologische Gesellschaft e.V.
2022
Marthe-Vogt Award (Dissertation award)
Forschungsverbund Berlin

Academic CV

Ahana Aurora Fernandez — Emmy Noether Group Leader, Behavioural Biologist, Bioacoustician & Biolinguist.

Academic Positions

2025 →
Emmy Noether Group Leader
Own lab at the University of Münster, Institute of Neuro- and Behavioural Biology (started September 1, 2025)
2025
Research Associate
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
2020–2024
Postdoctoral Researcher
Museum of Natural History Berlin, Germany

Education

2015–2020
Doctoral Student, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
Doctoral Thesis (summa cum laude): „Vocal ontogenetic processes in bat pups – From babbling behaviour to the interplay of social and vocal complexity"
supervised by Prof. M. Knörnschild, second Advisor: Prof. Constance Scharff
2012–2015
Research Assistant
Various scientific projects at the University of Bern and the Natural History Museum Bern, Switzerland
2012–2014
Master of Science (summa cum laude), University of Bern, Switzerland
With a special qualification in Evolutionary Ecology, supervised by Prof. H. Richner
Thesis: Aggressive behaviour and communication in the bat, Carollia perspicillata
2008–2012
Bachelor of Science (magna cum laude), University of Bern, Switzerland
With a special qualification in Evolutionary Ecology

Awards & Fellowships

2026
“Erstklassig!” scholarship (18 months)
University of Münster – competitive women career-development programme toward professorship
2026
Niko Tinbergen Award
Ethologische Gesellschaft e.V.
2025
Forschungspreis der Deutschen Wildtier Stiftung
(for independent 2-years project on research on native wildlife)
2025
Emmy Noether Programme (DFG Germany)
Programme for leading an independent junior research group
2022
Marthe-Vogt Award
Of the „Forschungsverbund Berlin" for an outstanding young female scientist
2016–2019
Elsa Neumann Fellowship
Full fellowship for doctoral students

Research Projects

PI
Mastering Communication
Emmy Noether Grant, DFG
PI
From birth to courtship: An acoustic journey through the life of horseshoe bats
Deutsche Wildtierstiftung, 2026–2028
Co-Lead
Hummingbird Harmonies: The Fascinating World of High-pitched Vocalizations
STRI, with Dr. Jay Falk, University of Colorado Boulder
Collaborative Partner
Wochenstuben des Großen Mausohrs als Zentren sozialen Lernens
PI: Dr. S. Ripperger

Supervision & Teaching

  • 2026 → Teaching research module “Basics in Bat Biology, with specialization in Bioacoustics”
  • 2026 → PI in doctoral program “Münster Graduate School for Evolution” (MGSE)
  • 2026 → Supervision of Master Thesis of Wiebke Berns (University of Münster) — “Acoustic Communication and Social Behaviour of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum in a Maternity Colony”
  • 2025 → Supervision of Master Thesis of Natalia Adamowska (FU Berlin) — “Vocal signatures in contact calls of the Greater mouse-eared bat”
  • 2023–2024 Co-supervision of two interns, Michelle Negrette Bohorquez and Sadoni James, from the STRI intern program — "Hummingbird Harmonies: The Fascinating World of High-pitched Vocalizations"
  • 2023–2024 Co-supervision of Bachelor Thesis of Natalia Adamowska (FU Berlin) — "The vocal repertoire of maternal colonies of the Greater Mouse-eared bat"
  • 2021 Co-supervision of field work in Costa Rica of master student Marisa Tietge (FU Berlin)
  • 2019–2021 Mentoring of master student Simon Hiller (University of Bern) — "Automated syllable type classification of babbling sequences of the neotropical bat Saccopteryx bilineata based on neuronal networks" (MSc in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology)
  • Apr 2018 Workshop for bachelor students "Analysis of vocalizations – from data collection to acoustic analysis", conducted at the Department of Comparative Developmental Psychology. Invited by Prof. Dr. K. Liebal, Free University of Berlin
  • 2018 Co-supervision of bachelor thesis of Sarah-Cecil Fabian (FU Berlin) — "Mother-pup communication of the greater sac-winged bat"
  • 2017–2018 Internship supervision of Madita Richter (FU Berlin) — "Acoustic analysis of maternal bat calls"
  • 2017–2018 Co-supervision of master thesis of Nora Lena Serve (FU Berlin) — "Maternal influences on vocal repertoire ontogeny in Saccopteryx bilineata" (including supervision of field stay in Panama)

Invited Talks

  • Sept 2026 Tinbergen Prize Plenary talk: “Social learning and vocal communication in bats” — Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
  • Nov 2025 „Mastering Communication in the Greater Sac-winged bat" — Tupper Seminar, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá
  • Mar 2025 „From babbling to lifelong communication: learning processes in the greater sac-winged bat" — Princeton University, New Jersey, US
  • Aug 2024 „Learning to communicate: from the field to the lab" — Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin
  • Jul 2024 Invited talk at Freie Universität Berlin as part of the student's course "Bats in the City"
  • Feb 2024 "Bats as a model for biolinguistics: Exploring vocal ontogeny and learning processes" — Department of Linguistics, University of Vienna, Austria
  • Nov 2023 "Vocal Ontogeny and Learning in Bats: An Animal Model for Biolinguistics" (competitive application) — Emerging Scientist Series, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence
  • Oct 2023 "Learning to Communicate: Vocal Development in Greater Sac-Winged Bats" — Bioacoustic community, University of Zürich
  • Sep 2023 "From Babbling to Singing: Vocal development in the Greater sac-winged bat" — Bats without Borders, Winged Wednesday Webinar Series
  • Jun 2023 "Animal experimental research and animal welfare: working with wild bats" — University of Bielefeld
  • May 2023 "Bats: A promising taxon for exploring complex vocal communication and learning" — Virtual songbird satellite session, Queens College, CUNY
  • Apr 2023 "Social communication in bats: from babbling to singing" — Princeton "Tropical Ecology field course", STRI, Gamboa, Panama
  • Oct 2022 "From babbling to singing: vocal communication of the greater sac-winged bat" — Symposium "Mind your language", Sainsbury Wellcome Centre / GCNU, University College London
  • Feb 2022 "Learning how to communicate: the case study of the Greater sac-winged bat" — Forschungsinstitut für Nutztierbiologie, Celle, Germany
  • Nov 2021 "From babbling Bats to Brains" — Winter Lab, Humboldt University Berlin
  • Oct 2021 "From babbling Bats to Brains: Vocal ontogenetic processes in Saccopteryx bilineata" — Park Lab, University of Illinois, USA
  • Sep 2021 "Vocal ontogenetic processes in the greater sac-winged bat" — Nick Jourjine seminar, Hoekstra Lab, Oxford, "Bridging Brains and Bioacoustics"

Academic Services

2022 →
Spokesperson
Selection process, Behavioural Biology Section, German Zoological Society
2023–2026
Organizer
Multiple graduate meetings and satellite symposia
2025 →
Guest Editor
Special issue Wildlife in Urban Spaces, Ethology
Ongoing
Reviewer
For 10+ journals including Animal Behaviour, Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology, Proceedings B, and JASA

Outreach: Workshops, Talks & Events

  • Aug 2023 International Batnight at Spreepark — Public outreach event with German sign language interpreters; featured by Rundfunk Berlin Brandenburg television
  • Aug 2022 Babbelnde Fledermauskinder — Batnight Augsburg, Germany
  • 2021 → 9 workshops „Fledermäuse im Spreepark" — Including outreach talk on bats and guided bioacoustic monitoring tour
  • Aug 2020 Fledermaus Aktionstag — In collaboration with artist Ines Theileis, Bühne Nirgendwo, Berlin
  • Jul 2020 Bat night at Bat Museum Julianenhof — Public outreach on echolocation, communication, and acoustic recording
  • Jun 2019 Lange Nacht der Wissenschaft — „Fledermausnacht: Auf den Spuren der Nachtjäger", Natural History Museum Berlin
  • Mar 2019 Girls' Day — Interactive event for young female scholars, Natural History Museum Berlin
  • Apr 2018 KiezNerds — Public event, Berlin
  • Jun 2018 Geo Tag der Natur — Outreach event in Thüringen, invited bat expert
  • 2013–2015 Workshops for children and school classes — Ecology and animal behaviour, Naturzentrum Eichholz, Bern, Switzerland

Certifications

Certified Bat Marking
LfULG, Germany, 2023
FELASA B Laboratory Animal Science
Humboldt University Berlin, Germany, 2019
Basics of Science Communication
National Institute for Science Communication, Germany, 2023

Selected Conference Contributions

Fernandez AA, Scharff, C & Knörnschild M (2023) Saccopteryx bilineata: A Promising Candidate for Exploring Neuronal Substrates of Vocal Learning (Poster). German Zoological Society Meeting 2023, Kassel, Germany
Fernandez AA, Knörnschild M (2023) The Greater Sac-winged Bat: A mammalian model for Biolinguistic Research (Talk). Fellow Symposium, STRI, Panama City
Fernandez AA, Serve NL, Fabian S-C & Knörnschild M (2023) Maternal feedback shapes vocal practice and learning processes in the Greater sac-winged bat (Talk). Behaviour Conference, Bielefeld, Germany
Fernandez AA, Harder J, Itterman L, Mayer F, Ripperger S (2023) Maternity roosts of the Greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis: Important centers of social learning? (Talk). National Bat Research Conference, Bern, Switzerland
Fernandez AA, Knörnschild M (2022) Babbling behavior: shared vocal ontogenetic features in bat pups and human infants (Talk). Joint Conference on Language Evolution, Japan
Fernandez AA, Knörnschild M (2022) Babbling in bat pups and human infants: shared features in an extraordinary vocal practice behavior (Talk). Animal Behaviour Society, USA
Fernandez AA, Knörnschild M (2021) Baby talk in bats: pup directed vocalizations in the greater sac-winged bat (Talk). Animal Behaviour Society, USA
Fernandez AA, Knörnschild M (2019) Babbling in bat pups and human infants: A key element during vocal development (Talk). International Bioacoustics Congress, Brighton, England
Fernandez AA, Knörnschild M (2019) The role of social interactions on vocal ontogeny in the babbling bat Saccopteryx bilineata (Talk). International Bat Research Conference, Phuket, Thailand
Fernandez AA, Knörnschild M (2017) Phonological syntax in babbling bouts of Saccopteryx bilineata (Poster). 5th International Berlin Bat Meeting, Berlin, Germany
Fernandez AA, Knörnschild M (2016) Multiple messages in isolation calls of Saccopteryx bilineata (Talk). 12th Annual Meeting of the Ethological Society (ETHOGES), German Primate Research Center (DPZ), Göttingen, Germany
Fernandez AA (2015) Aggressive behaviour and communication in the frugivorous bat Carollia perspicillata: a playback experiment (Talk). DZG Graduate Meeting in Animal Behaviour, University of Vienna, Austria

Let's Connect

Interested in my research, collaborations or future projects?

Whether you are a prospective student, a fellow researcher, or interested in science outreach — I'd love to hear from you.

Current Affiliations

Emmy Noether Group Leader
Institute of Neuro- and Behavioural Biology
University of Münster
Badestraße 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
Research Associate
Center for Animal Behavior
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Panama
Guest researcher
Museum of Natural History Berlin, Germany